Lower back and abdominal pain are common concerns that can affect mobility, sleep, and overall well-being. Because the back and abdomen share nerves, muscles, and organs, pain in one area often radiates to the other. The discomfort can appear suddenly or develop gradually, ranging from dull aches to sharp, persistent pain. Recognizing the root cause of lower back and lower abdominal pain is key to proper care and recovery.
Certain daily habits and health conditions can also contribute to discomfort. Poor posture, long hours of sitting, or improper lifting can strain the muscles supporting your spine and abdomen. Additionally, stress, dehydration, and poor diet can worsen inflammation and tension. Understanding these triggers can help prevent pain and support long-term relief. In cases where pain becomes severe or persistent, common ER treatments such as IV fluids, pain management, and muscle relaxants can provide rapid relief and help prevent complications.
Causes of Lower Back and Abdominal Pain
Lower back and lower abdominal pain can arise from several body systems, including the digestive tract, urinary system, spine, and reproductive organs. According to Verywell Health, about 81% of people with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) also experience back pain. This happens because abdominal discomfort may “refer” to nearby areas, or because bloating and inflammation place pressure on the back. Pinpointing the root cause early helps ensure proper diagnosis and targeted care.
Digestive and Gastrointestinal Causes
Digestive problems are among the most common reasons for lower back pain and abdominal pain. Inflammation, gas buildup, or intestinal irritation can cause pain that radiates from the abdomen to the back. Discomfort may worsen after meals, certain foods, or during stress. Chronic digestive issues can also impact appetite and energy, making prompt medical assessment important.
Key digestive causes include:
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Triggers cramping, bloating, and alternating constipation or diarrhea that may radiate to the back. Stress, hydration, and diet play major roles in flare-ups.
- Constipation: Intestinal pressure can create lower back and lower abdominal pain. Straining increases muscle tension and fatigue.
- Appendicitis: Pain begins near the navel and shifts to the lower right abdomen, often radiating to the back. It may be accompanied by fever, nausea, or vomiting and requires immediate care.
- Gastritis or Ulcers: Inflammation of the stomach lining can cause referred pain to the back, especially after spicy food or NSAID use.
Urinary Tract and Kidney
Urinary and kidney issues can lead to sharp or cramping lower abdominal pain and lower back pain. The discomfort may spread toward the lower spine or groin and often appears with urinary changes. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent kidney complications and lasting pain.
Urinary causes include:
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Causes burning during urination, pressure in the lower abdomen, and back pain. If untreated, it may cause fever or kidney infection.
- Kidney Stones: Produces severe stabbing pain radiating to the groin, sometimes with nausea or blood in urine.
- Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis): Results in flank pain, fever, fatigue, and potential kidney damage without timely treatment.
Musculoskeletal and Spinal Issues
Muscle and spinal problems are leading causes of lower back and abdominal pain. Since the core and lumbar muscles work together, weakness or injury in one area can strain the other. Poor posture, repetitive motion, or overexertion can worsen pain. Strengthening and correcting posture are key for recovery.
Musculoskeletal causes include:
- Muscle Strain: Overuse or improper lifting causes localized lower back and abdominal pain. Stretching, rest, and gentle movement promote healing.
- Herniated Disc: When a disc presses on nearby nerves, it can cause radiating abdominal pain, especially during bending or lifting.
- Spinal Misalignment or Arthritis: Chronic inflammation or degenerative changes can reduce spinal stability and cause recurring lower back pain and lower abdominal discomfort.
Reproductive Health Causes in Women
Lower back pain and lower abdominal pain in women are often linked to reproductive health. Hormonal fluctuations, gynecological conditions, or menstrual cycles may trigger recurring pain that radiates to the thighs or hips. Early diagnosis can prevent long-term complications and improve overall well-being.
Common causes include:
- Ovarian Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that create dull or sharp pain, bloating, and pelvic pressure.
- Endometriosis: Tissue growing outside the uterus causes chronic pain, fatigue, and painful periods.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infection leading to abdominal pain, fever, and unusual discharge; early antibiotics prevent complications.
- Menstrual Cramps: Hormonal contractions can cause short-term lower back and abdominal pain that may extend to the legs.
Male Reproductive or Prostate Conditions
Men may experience lower back pain and abdominal pain from prostate or testicular issues. Pain may spread to the groin or thighs and worsen during urination or prolonged sitting. Timely medical evaluation helps manage discomfort and prevent chronic problems.
Causes include:
- Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate causing pelvic pressure, back pain, and fever.
- Epididymitis: Swelling of the testicular area leading to referred abdominal pain and tenderness.
- Enlarged Prostate: Causes urinary retention and radiating lower back discomfort. Treatment and lifestyle changes can ease symptoms.
Treatment and Prevention
The right treatment for lower back and abdominal pain depends on its cause. Medical care may involve medication, therapy, or targeted lifestyle adjustments to relieve symptoms and restore mobility.
Preventive tips:
- Stay hydrated and follow a nutrient-rich diet.
- Maintain good posture and take breaks from sitting for a long time.
- Manage stress and keep a healthy weight.
- Use proper lifting techniques to avoid strain.
- Schedule regular check-ups to detect early issues.
Texas ER Care for Lower Back and Abdominal Pain
Abdominal or back pain can be alarming, especially when it interferes with your daily routine or worsens over time. While mild pain may resolve with rest or hydration, persistent or severe discomfort could indicate a more serious underlying issue that requires immediate attention.
At Texas Emergency Care Center, our physicians provide 24/7 access to expert emergency care, complete with on-site imaging, lab testing, and advanced diagnostics. This enables us to quickly identify the exact cause of your lower back and abdominal pain, whether it’s digestive, urinary, or musculoskeletal, and deliver prompt, effective treatment.